"Let's not raise our children for today's world. That world won't exist when they grow up. And we have no way of knowing what kind of world theirs will be: so let's teach them to adapt." Nearly a century later, how can we fail to agree with the words of Maria Montessori (1870-1952), a pioneer of modern pedagogy? At a time when our societies are undergoing constant change, when models of authority are evolving, the educational requirement is more than ever a major concern. In this first volume of Pédagogie Scientifique, first published in 1926, Maria Montessori evokes the founding experience of the "Maison des Enfants", a pre-school established in 1907 in a working-class district of Rome. In it, she develops the major intuitions of a pedagogy in which the "preparation of the environment" is the key to education, to the real cultivation of the human person from birth.